Maps for study

When we study we need  maps for study in brief .Here are few nice maps form other sites .Study them.
(We are thankful for reference site for the same)

this is physical Map 

ref: http://www.nivalink.com/maharashtra/map.html

we are thankful to mapsofindia.com

 

Geographical Information Of Maharashtra

                                 Geographical Information  Of Maharashtra
 
                            *महाराष्ट्रातील प्रमुख ऐतिहासिक किल्ले*
ठाणे - अर्नाळा, वसईचा भुईकोट किल्ला, गोरखगड
रायगड - कर्नाळा, मुरुड-जंजिरा, लिंगाणा, द्रोणागिरी, तळे
रत्नागिरी - सुवर्णदुर्ग (सागरी), रत्नदुर्ग, विजयगड, पासगड
सिंधुदुर्ग - विजयदुर्ग (सागरी), देवगड, पारगड, रामगड
पुणे - शिवनेरी, पुरंदर, प्रचंडगड, सिंहगड, राजगड
नाशिक - ब्रह्मगिरी, साल्हेर-मुल्हेर, मांगी-तुंगी, अंकाई-
औरंगाबाद - देवगिरी (दौलताबाद)
कोल्हापूर - पन्हाळा, विशालगड, भुदरगड
अहमदनगर - हरिश्वंद्रगड, रतनगड
अकोला - नर्नाळा
सातारा - अजिंक्यतारा, मकरंदगड, प्रतापगड, सज्जनगड,

                            *महाराष्ट्रातील प्रसिद्ध लेण्या व गुंफा मंदिरे*

लेण्या ठिकाण/जिल्हा
अजिंठा, वेरुळ - औरंगाबाद
एलिफंटा, घारापुरी - रायगड
कार्ला, भाजे, मळवली - पुणे
पांडवलेणी - नाशिक
बेडसा, कामशेत - पुणे
पितळखोरा - औरंगाबाद
खारोसा, धाराशीव (जैर) - उस्मानाबाद


                             *महाराष्ट्रातील प्रमुख जलाशय व धरणे*

जलाशय/नदी स्थळ/जिल्हा
जायकवाडी - बाथसागर (गोदावरी) औरंगाबाद
भंडारदरा - (प्रवरा) अहमदनगर
गंगापूर - (गोदावरी) नाशिक
राधानगरी - (भोगावती) कोल्हापूर
कोयना शिवाजी सागर - (कोयना) हेळवाक (सातारा)
उजनी - (भीमा) सोलापूर
तोतलाडोह - मेघदूत जलाशय (पेंच)- नागपूर
यशवंत धरण - (बोर) वर्धा
मोडकसागर - (वैतरणा) ठाणे
खडकवासला - (मुठा) पुणे
येलदरी - (पूर्णा) परभणी
बाभळी प्रकल्प - (गोदावरी) नांदेड


                             *महाराष्ट्रातील खनिज संपत्ती व संबंधित जिल्हे*

खनिज जिल्हे
दगडी कोळसा - सावनेर, कामठी, उमरेड (नागपूर), वणी
(यवतमाळ), गुग्गुस, बल्लारपूर (चंद्रपूर)
बॉक्साईट - कोल्हापूर, रत्नागिरी, सिंधुदुर्ग
कच्चे लोखंड - रेड्डी (सिंधुदुर्ग)
मॅग्नीज - सावनेर (नागपूर), तुमसर (भंडारा)
तांबे - चंद्रपूर, नागपूर
चुनखडी - यवतमाळ
डोलोमाईट - रत्नागिरी, यवतमाळ
क्रोमाई - भंडारा, गोंदिया, सिंधुदुर्ग
कायनाईट - देहुगाव (भंडारा)
शिसे व जस्त - नागपूर


                        *महाराष्ट्रातील प्रमुख औष्णिक वीजनिर्मिती केंद्रे*

औष्णिक केंद ठिकाण/जिल्हा
पारस - अकोला
एकलहरे - नाशिक
कोराडी, खापरखेडा - नागपूर
चोला (कल्याण) - ठाणे
बल्लारपूर - चंद्रपूर
परळीवैजनाथ - बीड
फेकरी (भुसावळ) - जळगाव
तुर्भे (ट्रॉम्बे) - मुंबई
भिरा अवजल (जलविद्युत) - रायगड
कोयना (जलविद्युत) - सातारा
धोपावे - रत्नागिरी
जैतापूर (अणुविद्युत) - रत्नागिरी


                                           *महाराष्ट्रातील प्रमुख लघुउद्योग*

लघुउद्योग ठिकाण
हिमरुशाली - औरंगाबाद
पितांबरी व पैठण्या - येवले (नाशिक)
चादरी - सोलापूर
लाकडाची खेळणी - सावंतवाडी
सुती व रेशमी कापड - नागपूर, अहमदनगर
हातमाग साडय़ा व लुगडी - उचलकरंजी
विडीकाम - सिन्नर (नाशिक), अहमदनगर
काचेच्या वस्तू - तळेगाव, ओगलेवाडी
रेशमी कापड - सावळी व नागभीड (चंद्रपूर),
एकोडी (भंडारा)


                  *महाराष्ट्रातील प्रमुख विद्यापीठे, स्थापना व ठिकाण*

विद्यापीठ/स्थापना ठिकाण/स्थान
मुंबई विद्यापीठ (१८५७) - मुंबई
पुणे विद्यापीठ (१९४९) - पुणे
राष्ट्रसंत तुकडोजी महाराज नागपूर - नागपूर
विद्यापीठ (१९२५)
कर्मयोगी संत गाडगेबाबा अमरावती - अमरावती
विद्यापीठ (१९८३)
भारतरत्न डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर - औरंगाबाद
मराठवाडा विद्यापीठ (१९५८)
शिवाजी विद्यापीठ (१९६३) - कोल्हापूर
यशवंतराव चव्हाण मुक्त विद्यापीठ (१९८८) - नाशिक
महाराष्ट्र आरोग्य विज्ञान विद्यापीठ (१९९८) - नाशिक
डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर तंत्रज्ञान - लोणेरे (रायगड)
विद्यापीठ (१९८९)
उत्तर महाराष्ट्र विद्यापीठ (१९८९) - जळगाव
कविकुलगुरू कालिदास संस्कृत - रामटेक (नागपूर)
विद्यापीठ (१९९८)
स्वामी रामानंदतीर्थ मराठवाडा विद्यापीठ (१९९४) - नांदेड
महाराष्ट्र पशू व मत्स्यविज्ञान विद्यापीठ (२०००) - नागपूर

 
                                *महाराष्ट्रातील प्रमुख कृषी संशोधन संस्था*

मध्यवर्ती ऊस संशोधन केंद्र, - पाडेगांव (सातारा)
गवत संशोधन केंद्र, - पालघर (ठाणे)
नारळ संशोधन केंद्र, - भाटय़े (रत्नागिरी)
सुपारी संशोधन केंद्र, - श्रीवर्धन (रायगड)
काजू संशोधन केंद्र, - वेंगुर्ला (सिंधुदुर्ग)
केळी संशोधन केंद्र, - यावल (जळगाव)
हळद संशोधन केंद्र, - डिग्रज (सांगली)
राष्ट्रीय डाळिंब संशोधन केंद्र, हिरज - केगांव (सोलापूर)
राष्ट्रीय कांदा- लसून संशोधन केंद्र - राजगुरूनगर (पुणे)

 
             *महाराष्ट्रातील धोर मराठी साहित्यिक व त्यांची टोपण नावे*

शास्त्रज्ञ : शोध

                                                    शास्त्रज्ञ : शोध                                                                        
1.सर हम्फ्रे डेव्ही -

(जन्म : १७-१२-१७७८, मृत्यू : २९-०५-१८२९)
नायट्न्स ऑक्साईड वायू वेदनाहारक असल्याचा शोध
कोळशाच्या खाणीतील ज्वालाग्राही वायू यांचे अस्तित्व ओळखण्यासाठी `डेव्ही संरक्षक दीप' तयार केला.

2.लुई पाश्चर-
(जन्म : २७-१२-१८२२, मृत्यू : २८-०९-१८९५)
पिसाळलेल्या कुत्र्याच्या चाव्यामुळे होणाऱ्या `रेबीज' या प्राणघातक रोगावर परिणामकारक लस शोधून काढली

3.सर आयझॅक न्यूटन-
(जन्म : २५-१२-१६४२, मृत्यू : २०-०३-१७२७)
ब्रिटिश गणिती, ज्योतिर्विद व भौतिक शास्त्रज्
न्यूटनचे गतिविषयक तीन नियम

4.जोहान केप्लर-
(जन्म : २७-१२-१५७१, मृत्यू : १५-११-१६३०)
सूर्याभोवती ग्रहांचे व उपग्रहांचे मार्गक्रमण कोणत्या कक्षेत काय गतीने होते याचे कोडे उलगडून दाखवल

Five year Plan

In the MPSC exam their  is sure possibility of getting questions on five year plan 

First plan (1951-1956)
The first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first five-year plan to the Parliament of India on December 8, 1951. The total plan budget of 206.8 billion INR (23.6 billion USD in the 1950 exchange rate) was allocated to seven broad areas: irrigation and energy (27.2 percent), agriculture and community development (17.4 percent), transport and communications (24 percent), industry (8.4 percent), social services (16.64 percent), land rehabilitation (4.1 percent), and other (2.5 percent). The plan promoting the idea of a self reliant closed economy was developed by Prof. P. C. Mahalanobis of Indian Statistical Institute and borrowed the ideas from USSR's five year plans developed by Domer. The plan is often referred to as the Domer-Mahalanobis Model.

The target growth rate was 2.1 percent annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth; the achieved growth rate was 3.6 percent. During the first five-year plan the net domestic product went up by 15 percent. The monsoons were good and there were relatively high crop yields, boosting exchange reserves and per capita income, which went up 8 percent. Lower increase of per capita income as compared to national income was due to rapid population growth. Many irrigation projects were initiated during this period, including the Bhakra Dam and Hirakud Dam. The World Health Organization, with the Indian government, addressed children's health and reduced infant mortality, contributing to population growth.

At the end of the plan period in 1956, five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) were started as major technical institutions. University Grant Commission was set up to take care of funding and take measures to strengthen the higher education in the country.

Contracts were signed to start five steel plants; however these plants did not come into existence until the middle of the next five-year plan.
Second plan (1956-1961)

The second five-year plan focused on industry, especially heavy industry. Domestic production of industrial products was encouraged, particularly in the development of the public sector. The plan followed the Mahalanobis model, an economic development model developed by the Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 1953. The plan attempted to determine the optimal allocation of investment between productive sectors in order to maximise long-run economic growth. It used the prevalent state of art techniques of operations research and optimization as well as the novel applications of statistical models developed at the Indian Statiatical Institute.

Hydroelectric power projects and five steel mills at Bhilai, Durgapur, and Rourkela were established. Coal production was increased. More railway lines were added in the north east.

The Atomic Energy Commission was formed in 1957 with Homi J. Bhabha as the first chairman. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was established as a research institute. In 1957 a talent search and scholarship program was begun to find talented young students to train for work in nuclear power.
Third plan (1961-1966)

The third plan stressed on agriculture and improving production of rice, but the brief Sino-Indian War in 1962 exposed weaknesses in the economy and shifted the focus towards defense. In 1965-1966, the Green Revolution in India advanced agriculture. The war led to inflation and the priority was shifted to price stabilization. The construction of dams continued. Many cement and fertilizer plants were also built. Punjab begun producing an abundance of wheat.

Many primary schools were started in rural areas. In an effort to bring democracy to the grassroot level, Panchayat elections were started and the states were given more development responsibilities.

State electricity boards and state secondary education boards were formed. States were made responsible for secondary and higher education. State road transportation corporations were formed and local road building became a state responsibility.Gross Domestic Product rate during this duration was lower at 2.7% due to 1962 Sino-Indian War and Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
Fourth plan (1969-1974)

At this time Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister. The Indira Gandhi government nationalized 19 major Indian banks. In addition, the situation in East Pakistan (now independent Bangladesh) was becoming dire as the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War took place.

Funds earmarked for the industrial development had to be used for the war effort. India also performed the Smiling Buddha underground nuclear test in 1974, partially in response to the United States deployment of the Seventh Fleet in the Bay of Bengal to warn India against attacking West Pakistan and widening the war.
Fifth plan (1974-1979)

Stress was laid on employment, poverty alleviation, and justice. The plan also focused on self-reliance in agricultural production and defense. In 1978 the newly elected Morarji Desai government rejected the plan. Electricity Supply Act was enacted in 1975, which enabled the Central Government to enter into power generation and transmission.
Sixth plan (1980-1985)

Called the Janata government plan, the sixth plan marked a reversal of the Nehruvian model.

When Rajiv Gandhi was elected as the prime minister, the young prime minister aimed for rapid industrial development, especially in the area of information technology. Progress was slow, however, partly because of caution on the part of labor and communist leaders.

The Indian national highway system was introduced for the first time and many roads were widened to accommodate the increasing traffic. Tourism also expanded.

The sixth plan also marked the beginning of economic liberalization. Price controls were eliminated and ration shops were closed. This led to an increase in food prices and an increased cost of living.

Family planning also was expanded in order to prevent overpopulation. In contrast to China's harshly-enforced one-child policy, Indian policy did not rely on the threat of force. More prosperous areas of India adopted family planning more rapidly than less prosperous areas, which continued to have a high birth rate.
Seventh plan (1985-1989)

The Seventh Plan marked the comeback of the Congress Party to power. The plan lay stress on improving the productivity level of industries by upgradation of technology.

1989-91 was a period of political instability in India and hence no five year plan was implemented. Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans. In 1991, India faced a crisis in Foreign Exchange (Forex) reserves, left with reserves of only about $1 billion (US). Thus, under pressure, the country took the risk of reforming the socialist economy. P.V. Narasimha Rao)(28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004) also called Father of Indian Economic Reforms was the twelfth Prime Minister of the Republic of India and head of Congress Party, and led one of the most important administrations in India's modern history overseeing a major economic transformation and several incidents affecting national security. At that time Dr. Manmohan Singh (currently, Prime Minister of India) launched India's free market reforms that brought the nearly bankrupt nation back from the edge. It was the beginning of privatization and liberalization in India.
Eighth plan (1992-1997)

Modernization of industries was a major highlight of the Eighth Plan. Under this plan, the gradual opening of the Indian economy was undertaken to correct the burgeoning deficit and foreign debt. Meanwhile India became a member of the World Trade Organization on 1 January 1995.This plan can be termed as Rao and Manmohan model of Economic development. The major objectives included, containing population growth, poverty reduction, employment generation, strengthening the infrastructure, Institutional building, Human Resource development, Involvement of Panchayatraj, Nagarapalikas, N.G.OSand Decentralisation and peoples participation. Energy was given priority with 26.6% of the outlay. An average annual growth rate of 6.7%against the target 5.6% was achieved.
Ninth plan (1997-2002)
During the Ninth Plan period, the growth rate was 5.35 per cent, a percentage point lower than the target GDP growth of 6.5 per cent.
Tenth plan (2002-2007)

The main objectives of the 10th Five-Year Plan were:

* Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by 2007;

* Providing gainful and high-quality employment at least to the addition to the labour force;

* All children in India in school by 2003; all children to complete 5 years of schooling by 2007;

* Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by at least 50% by 2007;

* Reduction in the decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%;

* Increase in Literacy Rates to 75 per cent within the Tenth Plan period (2002 to 2007);

* Reduction of Infant mortality rate (IMR) to 45 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 28 by 2012;

* Reduction of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) to 2 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 1 by 2012;

* Increase in forest and tree cover to 25 per cent by 2007 and 33 per cent by 2012;

* All villages to have sustained access to potable drinking water within the Plan period;

* Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and other notified stretches by 2012;

* Economic Growth further accelerated during this period and crosses over 8% by 2006.

Eleventh plan (2007-2012)

The eleventh plan has the following objectives:

1. Income & Poverty

* Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10% and then maintain at 10% in the 12th Plan in order to double per capita income by 2016-17

* Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year to ensure a broader spread of benefits

* Create 70 million new work opportunities.

* Reduce educated unemployment to below 5%.

* Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20 percent.

* Reduce the headcount ratio of consumption poverty by 10 percentage points.

2. Education

* Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12

* Develop minimum standards of educational attainment in elementary school, and by regular testing monitor effectiveness of education to ensure quality

* Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or more to 85%

* Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points

* Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education from the present 10% to 15% by the end of the plan

3. Health

* Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 and maternal mortality ratio to 1 per 1000 live births

* Reduce Total Fertility Rate to 2.1

* Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 and ensure that there are no slip-backs

* Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to half its present level

* Reduce anaemia among women and girls by 50% by the end of the plan

4. Women and Children

* Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by 2016-17

* Ensure that at least 33 percent of the direct and indirect beneficiaries of all government schemes are women and girl children

* Ensure that all children enjoy a safe childhood, without any compulsion to work

5. Infrastructure

* Ensure electricity connection to all villages and BPL households by 2009 and round-the-clock power.

* Ensure all-weather road connection to all habitation with population 1000 and above (500 in hilly and tribal areas) by 2009, and ensure coverage of all significant habitation by 2015

* Connect every village by telephone by November 2007 and provide broadband connectivity to all villages by 2012

* Provide homestead sites to all by 2012 and step up the pace of house construction for rural poor to cover all the poor by 2016-17

6. Environment

* Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage points.

* Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major cities by 2011-12.

* Treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean river waters.

* Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points by 2016-17.

Few Authors and their Books

                     Few Authors and their Books

1.Sarojini Naidu[Author]:
Books :-
Golden Threshold
The Broken Wing
The Bird Of Time
The Magic Lute

2.Vikram Seth [Author]:
Books :-
A Suitable Boy
The Golden Gate
An Equal Music
Beastly Tales
Three Chinese Poets
All You Who Sleep Tonight
Mappings
From Heaven lake
Two Lives

3.Bankim Chandra Chatterjee [Author]:
Books :-Durgeshnandini
Kapalkundal
Anandmath
Devi Chaudharani

4.Arundhati Roy [Author]:
Books :-
Massey Sahib
The God of Small Things
Electric Moon
The Shape of the Beast
The End of Imagination
The Algebra of Infinite Justice
The Cost of Living
Power Politics
War Talk

5.APZ Abdul Kalam [Author]:
Books :-
Wings of Fire
Ignited Minds
India 2020
India-my-Dream
Scientist to President